Keeb kwm evolution ntawm kraft ntawv hnab
Oct 28, 2023
Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo pua 19th, ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khw muag khoom loj, tib neeg feem ntau yuav tag nrho cov khoom siv niaj hnub los ntawm cov khw muag khoom noj ze ntawm lawv qhov chaw ua haujlwm lossis chaw nyob. Nws yog mob taub hau los muag cov khoom siv niaj hnub hauv cov thawv ntoo, hnab, lossis lub thawv rau cov neeg siv khoom ntau tom qab thauj mus rau lub khw muag khoom noj. Cov neeg tsuas tuaj yeem mus yuav khoom nrog cov pob tawb lossis cov hnab hauv tsev. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv raw rau papermaking tseem yog jute fiber thiab qub hemp daim ntaub, nrog cov khoom tsis zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm luam ntawv. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1844, German Friedrich Kohler tau tsim cov ntoo pulp papermaking, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam ntawv thiab tsis ncaj qha muab yug rau thawj lub hnab ntawv lag luam hauv keeb kwm. Xyoo 1852, American botanist Francis Waller tau tsim thawj lub hnab ntawv ua tshuab, uas tom qab ntawd tau nce mus rau ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe xws li Fabkis thiab United Kingdom. Tom qab ntawd, kev yug me nyuam ntawm plywood hnab ntawv thiab kev nce qib ntawm cov hnab ntawv stitching thev naus laus zis coj mus rau kev hloov cov hnab paj rwb uas siv rau kev thauj khoom thauj ntau los ntawm cov hnab ntawv.
Thaum nws los txog rau thawj lub khw kraft ntawv hnab, nws yug hauv 1908 hauv St. Paul, Minnesota, Tebchaws USA. Ib lub khw muag khoom noj hauv zos, Walter Duvina, pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhawb cov neeg siv khoom kom yuav khoom ntau dua ib zaug txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawb kev muag khoom. Du Weiner ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsum yog lub hnab ua ntej uas yog tus nqi qis thiab siv tau yooj yim, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus yam tsawg kawg nkaus li 75 phaus ntawm qhov hnyav. Tom qab rov sim dua, nws kaw qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm lub hnab no rau ntawm daim ntawv kraft vim nws siv cov ntoo coniferous nrog ntev ntoo fibers rau pulping. Thaum lub sijhawm ua noj ua haus, cov tshuaj me me xws li caustic soda thiab sulfurized alkali tau siv los kho cov ntoo fibers, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau lawv lub zog qub. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov ntawv ua tau muaj kev sib txuas nruj ntawm cov fibers thiab yog tawv, Muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov tseem ceeb tensile thiab siab yam tsis muaj rupture. Plaub xyoo tom qab, thawj lub khw kraft ntawv lub hnab tau yug los. Nws muaj cov duab plaub hauv qab thiab lub peev xwm loj dua li cov hnab ntawv V-shaped hauv qab. Ib txoj hlua khiav los ntawm nws cov hauv qab thiab sab kom nws lub peev xwm thauj khoom, thiab ua ob txoj hlua rub tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hnab ntawv uas yooj yim rau tib neeg los tuav. Duvina hu ua lub hnab khw no tom qab nws tus kheej thiab tau thov rau patent rau nws xyoo 1915. Lub sijhawm no, cov khoom muag txhua xyoo ntawm lub hnab khw no tau tshaj 100 lab units.
